In which country did the modern concept of the detective first emerge?

The modern concept of the detective first emerged in England, particularly in the early 19th century. The establishment of the early police force, known as the Bow Street Runners, is often credited for laying the groundwork for modern detective work. This organization was formed in the 1740s and focused on solving crimes through investigation, which contributed significantly to the development of investigative techniques still in use today.

While France developed its own system of detectives and had significant contributions to criminal investigation—especially through figures like Eugène François Vidocq, who is often referred to as the father of modern criminology—it was England that fundamentally established the role of the detective as a separate and specialized profession.

In summary, the emergence of the detective as a distinct role in the context of modern law enforcement and investigation is tied to English practices, making it the correct choice for the question asked.