Who is credited with the first formal use of the term "Detective"?

The term "detective" is credited to Francois Vidocq, a French criminal turned police official who is often regarded as the father of modern criminology and criminal investigation. Vidocq pioneered methods of criminal investigation during the early 19th century, establishing the first known detective agency and formalizing practices that are still in use today. His work in capturing criminals and investigating crimes set a foundation for the development of detective work as a profession.

In contrast, Edgar Allan Poe, while known for his mystery writings that included detective stories, did not use the term formally in a professional sense. Francis Galton, a scientist and cousin of Charles Darwin, contributed to the field of fingerprinting and criminology but did not coin the term. John F. Kennedy, as a political figure, is unrelated to the origins of the term "detective" as it pertains to criminal investigation. Vidocq’s naming and establishment of the role marked a significant development in law enforcement practices, making him the correct answer in this context.